SAINS MALAYSIANA

Sains Malaysiana 55(8)(2026): 1405-1415

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5508-15

Nanokomposit ZIF-8 Berasaskan Titik Kuantum Karbon Terdop Nitrogen daripada Biojisim sebagai Bahan Penghasilan Elektrod Superkapasitor

(ZIF-8 Nanocomposite Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Biomass as a Material for the Production of Supercapacitor Electrodes)

NUR IRDINA ATASYA A.H., SITI AISYAH SHAMSUDIN* & NURFATIEAH MOHAMED IDRIS

Jabatan Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 4 May 2026/Accepted: 18 August 2026

Abstrak

Kecekapan peranti penyimpanan tenaga, khususnya superkapasitor amat bergantung kepada sifat bahan aktif elektrod. ZIF-8 sebagai kerangka logam-organik (KLO) mempunyai luas permukaan khusus yang tinggi, namun kekonduksian elektrik intrinsiknya yang rendah mengehadkan prestasi elektrokimia. Kajian ini mensintesis nanokomposit ZIF-8/TKK dan ZIF-8/N-TKK melalui penghibridan titik kuantum karbon (TKK) dan titik kuantum karbon terdop nitrogen (N-TKK) daripada biojisim kulit pisang dengan ZIF-8 bagi menilai kesan pendopan nitrogen terhadap sifat bahan dan prestasi elektrokimia. TKK dan N-TKK disediakan secara hidroterma dan dihibridkan dengan ZIF-8 melalui pencampuran larutan. Analisis spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR), spektroskopi resonans magnet nuklear proton (¹H-NMR) dan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) menunjukkan bahawa ciri kimia dan fasa kristal ZIF-8 tidak mengalami perubahan ketara selepas penghibridan dengan N-TKK. ZIF-8/N-TKK menunjukkan peningkatan luas permukaan khusus kepada 2067.28 m²/g berbanding ZIF-8 (1825.32 m²/g), manakala ZIF-8/TKK menurun kepada 1650.10 m²/g akibat pengagregatan. Penghibridan N-TKK turut menghasilkan rintangan setara siri yang lebih rendah (1.74 Ω) berbanding ZIF-8 (2.37 Ω), di samping peningkatan tindak balas kapasitif dan penahanan kapasiti yang lebih tinggi (39.75%) berbanding ZIF-8 (31.41%). Peningkatan ini dikaitkan dengan sinergi antara struktur berliang ZIF-8 dan sifat konduktif serta tapak elektroaktif N-TKK yang memudahkan pemindahan elektron dan difusi ion. Keputusan ini menunjukkan potensi penghibridan N-TKK sebagai pendekatan mampan untuk meningkatkan prestasi elektrokimia ZIF-8 sebagai bahan elektrod superkapasitor.

Kata kunci: Biojisim kulit pisang; kerangka logam-organik; nanokomposit elektrod; prestasi elektrokimia; titik kuantum karbon terdop nitrogen

Abstract

The performance of energy storage devices, particularly supercapacitors, strongly depends on the properties of electrode active materials. ZIF-8, a metal–organic framework (KLO), possesses a high specific surface area; however, its intrinsically low electrical conductivity limits its electrochemical performance. This study synthesized ZIF-8/TKK and ZIF-8/N-TKK nanocomposites by hybridizing carbon quantum dots (TKK) and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-TKK) derived from banana peel biomass with ZIF-8 to investigate the effect of nitrogen doping on material properties and electrochemical performance. TKK and N-TKK were prepared hydrothermally and subsequently hybridized with ZIF-8 via solution mixing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated no significant changes in the chemical characteristics and crystalline phase of ZIF-8 after hybridization with N-TKK. ZIF-8/N-TKK exhibited an increased specific surface area of 2067.28 m²/g compared with ZIF-8 (1825.32 m²/g), whereas ZIF-8/TKK decreased to 1650.10 m²/g due to particle aggregation. N-TKK hybridization also resulted in a lower equivalent series resistance (1.74 Ω) than ZIF-8 (2.37 Ω), together with an enhanced capacitive response and higher capacitance retention (39.75%) than ZIF-8 (31.41%). The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergy between the porous ZIF-8 structure and the conductive properties and electroactive sites of N-TKK, facilitating electron transfer and ion diffusion. These findings demonstrate the potential of N-TKK hybridization as a sustainable approach for enhancing the electrochemical performance of ZIF-8 as a supercapacitor electrode material.

Keywords: Banana peel biomass; electrochemical performance; metal–organic framework; nanocomposite electrode; nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots

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*Corresponding author; email: aisyah@ukm.edu.my